Book Report 3: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

THE LEGEND OF SLEEPY HOLLOW
By Washington Irving
Submitted by :
Arif Yasir S
Aulia Eka Y
Pitha P


SUMMARY

One day Crane was sent by a judge of Municipal Watch House of New York to Sleepy Hollow to investigate a case which already taken 3 death victims whose heads had been beheaded within 2 week. Crane was assigned to look for the murdener.
Arriving in Sleepy Hollow, Crane stayed in Mr.Baltus Van Tassel's house.
He was the richest man in Sleepy Hollow. He had a daughter named Katrina. Crane was making up his room when he was asked to see Mr.Van Tassel down stairs. There, Mr.Van Tassel introduced himti his associates who were the elders of Sleepy Hollow. The gentlements were Thomas Lancaster,a doctor; Steenwyck,a priest;Samuel Philipse,a judge and James Hardenbrook,a notaries. They told Crane about the Horseman .
“the victim was Peter Van Garret and his son Dirk Van Garret, the were beheaded by horseman. One week after Mrs.Winship died. The horseman took their heads with him. The horseman was a bounty soldier of Hessian ( Germany soldier) who was sent to Sleepy Hollow by Germany Prince to mountain British force over America. Unlike with other soldiers, he came with lots of money. Horseman came to Sleepy Hollow for his own reason, a reason to kill. He rode a big stallion named" Daredevil". In war, he liked to behead his enemies' heads from his speeding horse. He even sharpened his teeth in order to create his brutality. He did not die until 1779 in the west of Sleepy Hollow's forest. A group of soldier managed to kill him by beheading his head with his own sword. He resurrected from his death with rage and revenge to kill anyone who againsted him"
Crane didn't believe in Van Tassel story until Masbath was killed by the Horseman. After burying Masbath, Masbath's son became Crane's servant. While the were leaving the cemetery, Philipse told him thet Masbath was not the fourth, but the fifth victim. Crane was confused about the fourth victim. In the four graves lied five victims. Crane started his investigation by digging out Mrs.Winship's grave. After taking out the corpe, he was suspicious with a scar in her stomach. Crane surged her stomach and found that Mrs. Winship had been pregnant. The head of the fetus in her uterus also had been beheaded by the horseman.
There was also an occasion when Crane was haunted by false horseman. It was Brom Bones who disguised himself to be the Horseman. He was a man who felt in love with Katrina. One day, Crane saw Philipse went away after having a meeting with his associates. Crane asked Philipse once, about who was the father of Mrs.Winship's baby, he also asked him who had killed them. Philipse just told him that they were killed by the Horseman. Crane wouldn't want to believe him when the Horseman came and beheaded Philipse's head. Seeing that murderer, he was petrified. He told about it to Van Tassel and Katrina.
Crane and young Masbath were walking I the forest when they found a cave.in the cave, they met with a strange woman who told him to follow the tracks of an Indian at the sunset until the tree of death and climb to the Horseman's room in order to kill him. Soon after than Crane and young Masbath searced the tree of death. On their way, they met Katrina, then three of them continue the search of the tree of death. Finally they found it. Crane tried to cut a big root of the tree and blood came out from it. Crane kept trying to open the root until he got shocked for finding heads of the Horseman's victims. Crane climbed to the Horseman room. He was surprised because the skull had gone. Suddenly the Horseman arose, but he didn't kill Crane, Katrina nor young Masbath.
Crane followed the Horseman. He came to Elizabeth Kilian's house and beheaded Elizabeth's, Kilian's and their son Thomas's ead. When the Horseman was trying to leave, Brom Bones shot and tried to kill him. Crane stopped him for he knew that the Horseman didn't run after him, but he didn't want to listen to Crane. Finally Brom Bones got himself killed.
Crane was trying to solve the case when he concluded that there was a conspiracy among the doctor, notaries, judge and the priest. Crane visited Hardenbrook to ask about Van Garret's old testament. Young Masbath found it in a bag with an open seal. The old testament was for Mrs. Winship. young Masbath also found a marriage notification of Van Garret who secretly had married to Mrs.Winship.
Crane concluded that the horseman was Van Garret's family, that was Van Tassel who wanted to lake Van Garret's wealth, when Crane going into his room, he found Katrina was I it. I the next day, he lost the old testament he found in the notaries's house. The old testament was taken by Katrina and she burned it because she didn't want Crane accuse her father.
At one night, Crane followed Mrs.Van Tasel who was walking secretly to the forest. She meet Steenwyck and had love in the forest. Crane found them. She cut her hand with a knife then drop it to Steenwyck's back. She asked Crane not to tell it to his husband.
People were gathering in the church when Mr.Vna Tassel was running and screaming that his wife had seen killed by the Horseman. Soon after that, the Horseman came to the church, all people in the church was panic and worried. Van Tassel were quarelling with his three associates, they killed each other. Van Tassel finally was beheaded by the Horseman.
Katrina was shocked. When she was conscious, she saw her step mother, Mrs. Van Tassel. She was shocked and fainted again. Mrs.Van Tassel cut her hair then burned it. She tried to awaken the Horseman to kill Katrina. As Katrina was awakened from her faint, Mrs.Van Tassel told her that she wasn't killed by the Horseman, but the servant was. She told her that she was the one who controlled the Horseman.
Mrs.Van Tassel was the Archer's family. She, her parents and her sister lived not far away from Mr.Van Tassel's house. After her father death, they were asked to leave the house by Van Garret because he said that her mother was a witch. Then they lived in the west forest. Her mother passed away a year after their move. One day she and her sister saw Hessian and they saw him killed.
Mrs.Van Tassel conspired with the deman. She could resurrected Hessian of Horseman to get her revenge to Van Garret.
In other hand, VanTassel get her house, so she killed Katrina's mother then she got married with Van Tassel. After all people around him death, she want to killed Katrina. The Horseman was come, Crane, young Masbath and Katrina run away with their horse until the tree of death. There, they met Mrs.Van Tassel. Crane fight for get the Horseman's skull from Mrs.Van Tassel and then he got it. Crane throw the skull to the Horseman and then they were surprised suddenly the Horseman was change become Hessian and carried Mrs.Van Tassel to the grave into the tree of death. Finally Crane invited Katrina and young Masbath comeback to New York.

B. ANALISYS
1. THEME
The Revenge and The Murder

2. CHARACTERS
a. Ichabod Crane
He was tall, but exceedingly lank with narrow shouldiers, long arms and legs, hands that dangled a mile out of his sleeves, feet that might have served for shovels and his whole frame most loosely hung together. His head was small and flat at top with huge ears, large green glassy eyes and a long snipe nose. He was a young man, had education, idealism,fainthearted but he tried to be courageous people.
b. Katrina
She was a beautiful girl, blooming lass of fresh eighteen, with long blonde and cruel hair, nice eyes. She is kindhearted, loves her parents and courageous girl.
c. Hessian or Horseman
He is a bounty soldier, the ugly man with his sharp teeth, untidy hair and his horror eyes.
d. Baltus VanTassel
He is Katrina's father, the richest man in Sleepy Hollow, kindhearted, loves his daughter very much, he isn't arrogant and friendly to all people around him.
e. Thomas Lancaster
He is an old man, Van Tassel's associate, he is a doctor.
f. Samuel Philipse
He is an old man, his job is a judge, he is a Van Tassel's associate too, kindhearted and a honest man.
g. Steenwyck
He is a clergyman of Sleepy Hollow.
h. James Hardenbrook
He is an old and ugly man, he is a notaries.
i. Mrs. Van Tassel
She is Katrina's step mother and Van Tassel's wife, she is a beautiful woma but she was tricky woman.
j. Young Masbath
He is Masbath's son, be Crane's servant after his father dead, a strong and a caurageous child.

3. SETTING
a. Place
- Municipal Watch House of New York
- Sleepy Hollow
- The west forest of Sleepy Hollow
- Van Tassel's house
- The cave
- The tree of death

b. Time
- At night
- New York City 1799
- the west forest of Sleepy Hollow 1779

4. PLOT
a. Exposition
Crane was sent to Sleepy Hollow to investigatea case which already taken 3 death victims whose heads had een beheaded within 2 week. Arriving there, Crane stayed in Van Tassel's house, he meet Katrina and Van Tassel's associate. Van Tassel told Crane about the Hessian or the Horseman. But Crane doesn't believe it.

b. Rising action
Philipse told Crane that Masath wasn't the fourth but the fifth victim. Crane started his investigation. He found thet Mrs.Winship was pregnant and her baby beheaded too. Philipse said that the murderer was Horseman but Crane didn't believe it until he seen the Horseman killed Philipse.

c. Climax
Crane and young Masbath found the old testament and a marriage notification of Van Garret who secretly had married to Mrs. Winship. Crane concluded that Van Tassel who manage the horseman. Until people were gathering in the church suddenly VanTassel rinning and screming that his wife was killed by horseman, all people in the church ws panic and worried, Van Tassel was killed by Horseman. Katrina shocked.

d. Falling action
Katrina conscious from her faint, she saw her step mother, she was shocked and fainted again, Mrs.Van Tassel told Katrina about her revenge and she manage the Horseman to kill Katrina.

e. Catasthrope
Crane, young Masbath and Katrina run away with their horse until the tree of death. There, they met Mrs.Van Tassel. Crane fight for get the Horseman's skull from Mrs.Van Tassel and then he got it. Crane throw the skull to the Horseman and then they were surprised suddenly the Horseman was change become Hessian and carried Mrs.Van Tassel to the grave into the tree of death. Finally Crane invited Katrina and young Masbath comeback to New York.

5. MORAL MESSAGES
a. Don't be arrogant people
b. Don't save revenge in our life
c. Don't conspire with devil

Book Report 3: The Last of The Mohicans

THE LAST OF THE MOHICANS

Submitted by:
Otty Galuh Y
Ninda A
Shinta H
Naurisma GP

SUMMARY

Set in 1757 during the third year of the French and England War, the story begin as Cora and Alice Munro are being escorted to Fort William Henry where they will meet up with the commander of the fort, their father, Colonel Munro. The two women are accompanied by Major Duncan Heyward, a gallant young officer who soon falls in love with Alice. The small group is led by Magua, a mysterious and terrifying Huron, who suggests a "short-cut" that will lead them into an ambush he has prepared. The group are rescued from this fate when they run into Hawk-eye, a skilled woodsman also known as Natty Bumppo (his birth name). With him are his two Mohican friends, Chingachgook and his son, Uncas. Major Duncan tells Hawkeye and his friends about his growing distrust of Magua, and the newcomers agree. Hawkeye and his companions then attempt to seize the "treacherous savage," but the guide escapes into the forest.
Hawkeye predicts that Magua will be back, and fearing an attack by unfriendly Indians leads the group to Glenn's Falls. The group takes shelter in a warren of caves behind the waterfall and spends an uneasy night. The sound of horses screaming early in the morning alerts them to danger, and they find themselves under attack by a band of Iroquois. Cora, and Alice hide in the caves while the others plan a defense. Out in the forest Hawkeye, Duncan, Chingachgook, and Uncas engage in a bloody struggle with the Iroquois. They begin to run out of ammunition and prepare to die honorably. Cora begs them to go for help instead, so Hawkeye and the two Indians slip out down the river. Duncan stays to defend the girls, and they are all captured when a group of Hurons led by Magua enter the caves and uncover their hiding place.
Major Duncan attempts to trick Magua into releasing them, suggesting that . Colonel Munro will pay good money to have his daughters returned. It seems to be working, until Magua asks to speak to Cora alone and reveals his true motives. Driven by a mix of lust for her and hatred of her father, Magua wants to take Cora as his wife. This will be his revenge upon Colonel Munro, who has whipped him in public for being drunk. He promises Cora that if she consents he will free her beloved sister, but she refuses to comply. Enraged, Magua stirs up the Hurons into a fury of vengeful feelings, and the whole group attacks the prisoners and lashes them to trees. As they stand waiting to be burnt alive, Duncan breaks free and struggles with one of their captors. Just as he is about to be killed, Hawkeye and the two Mohicans arrive at the scene. The Hurons, terrified of Hawk Eye, and Alice, Cora, and Duncan are freed. Again, Magua manages to elude them.
The group continues toward Fort William Henry only to find it besieged by 10,000 French troops led by the Marquis de Montcalm. In thick fog, they make a mad dash for the fort and are rescued at the last minute. The girls are joyously reunited with their father, Colonel Munro. Duncan asks the Colonel for Alice's hand in marriage. In response, Munro reveals some of his past in order to ensure Duncan's commitment to his daughter.
The British await reinforcements from General Webb. De Montcalm intercepts a letter from Webb, and reveals to Munro and Duncan that no reinforcements are coming. Munro is to surrender the fort. The Marquis allows them to retain their military honor, and promises that they can leave the fort "unmolested." However, he neglects to arrange a troop escort for the defeated British, and as they leave the fort they are suddenly attacked by a group of 2,000 Indians. The British are massacred in the bloody attack, during which Magua recaptures Alice and Cora and takes them into the forest.
Munro, Duncan, Hawkeye, Chingachgook, and Uncas follow their trail north through the forest. When they arrived at Hurons Village, Duncan disguise as a doctor and Uncas watched closely from the other side. Uncas is captured, but using a cunning plan of swapped identities, Duncan and Hawkeye rescue both Uncas and Alice. They flee to safety with the Delaware, who free Cora when Uncas reveals that he is a chief and a Delaware descendant. The next day, Magua and his men come to the Delaware camp to demand the return of their captives. Tamenund, the Delaware chief, judges that Magua's desire to marry Cora makes his claim on her legitimate. Uncas vows that he and his friends will pursue them.
Followed by Hawkeye, the Mohicans, and a group of warriors, Magua and Cora set off for the Huron village. The two groups come into bloody conflict, and Uncas, Hawkeye, Duncan chase Magua and two warriors into a cave. Cora is as brave and strong-willed now as she has shown herself to be in earlier situations, and she refuses to move when her captors demand that she must. Attempting to force her, Magua threatens to kill her. His companions take him all too seriously, and another Huron advances to stab her to death. Desperately attempting to avert the tragedy, Uncas leaps into the fray from an overhanging ledge. He is too late to save Cora, and in the battle that follows he is killed by Magua, who is then shot by Hawkeye. The final chapter is one of sorrow for both the whites and the Indians. The bereft Munro returns to his territory with Duncan and Alice, who are now engaged. Hawkeye returns to the forest with Chingachgook. As the English leave, Hawkeye pledges eternal friendship with Chingachgook, the "Last of the Mohicans."

INTRINSIC ELEMENTS
A. THEME
Adventure, murder, battle

B. POINT OF VIEW
Third person Point Of View I Omniscient Point Of View

C. CHARACTERISTICS
a. Major Characters
1. Hawk-Eye
The main protagonist of the novel, he is a white man who has spent most of his life in the company of the Mohicans. Hawk-Eye is a kind man and a solidarity person.
2. Uncas
The last of the Mohicans' generation. He is Chingachgook's son.
He is calm, courageous person and have a kind heart.
3. Chingachgook
Father of Un cas, also a friend of Hawk-Eye. He is a Mohicans.
Great father and a solidarity person.
4. Magua
A chief in the Huron tribe, he is the antagonist of the novel. He has a big revenge with English Soldier.
5. Duncan Heyward
A major in the English anny whose have mission to guard the daughters of his commandant. He loves Alice, and gives more attention to Alice. He is a brave man. Duncan is a white man trying to fight Indian battles.
6. Cora Munro
The oldest daughter of General Munroe. She is beautiful woman with kind and brave heart. She loves her sister very much. Dark-haired, her mother (who died young) was half-white half-black, which means that Cora is a quadroon.
7. Alice Munro
The youngest daughter of General Munro. She is full of respected to Cora and loves Cora. Actually, she loves Duncan but she keep her feeling by herself She is weak, innocence, she always looking for protection from Cora and a sensitive girl.

b. Minor Characters
1. General Munro
He is the commandant of British anny. He loves his daughters very much. He is very loyal to his country. He is an optimist and therefore a good military leader. He can escape him self from Hurons tribe.
2. General Daniel Webb
Colonel Munro's commanding officer, originally stationed at Albany, who later takes command at Fort Edward (where he cannot or will not come to Colonel Munro's aid when Fort William Henry is besieged by the French).
3. General Montcalm
He is the commandant of French anny. He is shrewd leader, but he change to be kind and merciful to English when English surrender to French.
4. Tamenund
An ancient, wise, and revered Delaware Indian sage who has outlived three generations of warriors. He is the chief of Delaware.
5. The Huron
Huron is Magua's tribe. They are so ambitious. They want to show that they are the best and strangest tribes.
6. The Delaware
Delaware is descendents of the Mohicans. They are more peaceful and considerate then the Huron.

c. Protangonists
Hawk-eye
Uncas
Chingachook
Duncan
Cora Munro
Alice Munro
Tamenund
General Munro
General Webb
General Montcalm

d. Antagonists
Magua
The Hurrons

D. SETTING
a. Time
1. 1757
Armies from England and French are fighting in North America. Both countries want the land.
2. In the morning
The time when the Hurons attack the English when the English went from Fort William Henry.
3. At night
Munro, Duncan, Hawk Eye, Chingachgook and Uncas looking for Cora and Alice's trail.

4. Afternoon
Duncan, General Munro, Hawk Eye, Uncas and Chingachgook follows Cora and Alice's trail.

b. Place
1. Hudson River
The place near of Fort Edward.
2. Fort Edward
England's fort near the Hudson River.
3. Fort William Henry
England's fort which guard of General Munro.
4. Glenn Falls
The place where the Mohicans, Duncan, Cora and Alice stayed for a night and the place where Duncan, Hawk Eye, Uncas and Chingachgook fight with Hurons.
5. The Camp of French
The place where General Montcalm asked General Munro to leave Fort William Henry.
6. Forest
The place where Hurons attacked the English people.
7. Lake Horican
A lake which accrosed by the Mohicans when they looking for Cora and Alice.
8. Hurons Village
A place where Duncan disguise as a French doctor to looking for Cora and Alice.
9. Cave
Alice was endured by Hurons as a sick woman.
10. Meeting House of Delaware in Delawares Village
The place where Tamenund told Delawares that Huron become their enemy after Tamenund know that Uncas is Chingachgook's son.
11. The rocks
The place where the last battle happened between the Mohicans and Delawares with the Hurons. Cora, Uncas and Magua was died on this place.

E. PLOT
1. Exposition
It was year 1757, the third year of the war in North America. The war was between England and French. Each country wanted the land for them. General Webb was the commandant of the English army at Fort Edward. He was waiting for news of Montcalm. Cora and Alice were going to meet their father, General Munro in Fort William Henry with Duncan, they have a Indian guide named Magua.

2. Rising Action
Cora, Alice and Duncan met the Mohicans and Hawk Eye. Hawk Eye told them that Magua is a Hurons and they can't trust Hurons. After Magua ran away, the Mohicans took the ladies and Duncan to Fort William Henry, in their way they followed by Hurons because Magua wants Cora to be his wife.

3. Climax
In Delawares Village, Magua took Cora to go with him to be his wife.
But, the Mohicans, Duncan and the Delawares followed them. In the rocks they were fighting. Two Hurons were stabbing Cora, Uncas was stabed by Magua for 4 times and finally Magua was died because Hawk Eye shoot him. Cora, Uncas and Magua were died.

4. Catastrophe
In 1758, General Munro died. Alice married Duncan Heyward and they lived happily together from that time. The Delawares told their children the story of the English woman and the young Mohican. And they told their children the words of Tamenund, the old chief. "The time of the red man has gone. We fought for our land. But now there are many white men, as many as the leaves on the trees. I have lived too long, I have seen the last of the Mohicans."

F. MORAL VALUE
1. The wickedness will lose by the kindness.
2. Revenge will make everything worse.
3. Good friends will help us when we need the help.
4. Don't too easy to believe in someone because we are never know that someone who we believe is our enemy.
5. We should have big loyalty to our country, don't be traitor!

MATERIALS OF BOOK REPORT 3 FINAL TEST

ONE OF THE FOLLOWING TWO STORIES WILL BE THE MATERIAL OF BOOK REPORT 3 FINAL TEST:
1. THE LAST OF THE MOHICANS
2. LEGEND OF SLEEPY HOLLOW.
SO, THERE WILL BE MORE COMPREHENSIVE ANSWERS NEEDED IN THE FINAL TEST.....FOCUS YOUR STUDY ON THE INTRINSIC ELEMENTS OF THE STORY.
GOOD LUCK!

ANIMAL FARM

ANIMAL FARM
By George Orwel
Submitted by group 1
Class C

A. Summary

In a barn at Mr.Jones' Manor Farm, Old Major, an old pig who is so highly respected, describes a dream he had about a free living for animals from the tyranny of their human masters. Soon after the meeting, Old Major dies peacefully in his sleep. The animals will continue Major's dream. Napoleon and Snowball prove themselves important figures. Animalism is their complete system of thought. Every Sunday morning, all the animals assemble in a barn to do regular meeting and they sing their necessary song titled" The Beast of England ". They make Seven Commandments of Animalism, those are:

1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy
2. Whatever goes upon four legs is a friend
3. No animal shall wear clothes
4. No animal sleep in a bad
5. No animal drink alcohol
6. No animal kill any other animal
7. All animal are equal

One night, Mr. Jones goes into Willingdon and gets so drunk at Red Lion. He comes back in the morning and forgets to feed the animals. The animals are hungry and they rebel. Mr. Jones and men can be chased away from the farm. Manor Farm is theirs and it is renamed Animal Farm.
After Jones is chased away from farm, he spend his time in a pub and tells his troubles to his friends: Pilkington the owner of Foxwood and Frederick the owner of Pinch field. As soon as possible, in October, Jones and his friends arrive in Animal Farm to snatch the
farm again. But Snowball and Friends can drive them away. The battle of Cowshed is the name of that battle.
One day, Snowball announces his plan to build Windmill in Animal Farm but Napoleon disagrees with his plan. Napoleon has own reason, he thinks that building Windmill will waste time. As soon as possible, the Windmill begins to be built. The animals work hard. In November, a storm topples the half-fmished Windmill. Napoleon tells that Snowball is responsible for its ruin. Squealer also tells that Snowball has sold himself to Frederick.
Snowball disappears for along time so Napoleon begins to rebuild Windmill. Napoleon becomes a respected animal. Eventually, The Beast of England is outlawed and a new song by Minimus, a Napoleon's pig poet is instituted.
To get more money for building Windmill, Napoleon sells a pile of timber to Pilkington and Frederick. But finally Frederick tricks Napoleon, he pays it with false money and he plans to attack Animal Farm. The animals can get victory then.
In April, Animal Farm is proclaimed a Republic and Napoleon is elected President.
Napoleon orders a schoolroom to be built for their education. The building Windmill is continued. Boxer, a strong horse, works as hard as he can. Because of his hard working, he fells down and hurt, Boxer is brought to the hospital. But in a fact, Boxer is sold in order to the pigs can get money for buying whisky.
Year pass, Animal Farm has changed. Moriel, Bluebel, Jessie and Pincher, the dogs are all dear. Jones dies in an inebriates home, the Windmill has been completed and is used for milling com.
In evening, Clover a tout motherly mare, sees Squealer walks on his hind legs and other pigs follow him. The pigs begin carrying whips and wearing Jones clothes. The seven commandments has changed "All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others".
The pigs realize that they have changed their attitude and they are unable to discriminate between the humans and the pigs.
B. Analysis
1. Theme : the rebellion of animals againts a man
2. Setting
a. Time
• Every Sunday
• In October : the Battle of Cowshed happens
b. Place
1. Manor Farm (Animal Farm) : the Jones farm and the animals live in
2. Willingdon: a city that is near from animal farm
3. Foxwood : Pilkington's field that is large and much overgrown by woodland
4. Pinchfield: Frederick's farm that is small and well keep
5. Red Lion : place where Mr. Jones gets so drunk
c. Situation
1. Calm : the animals listen the ad major's announcement
2. Sadness :

• Old Major dies
• The animals die because they fight with a man in the Battle of Cowshed

3. Happiness: -

• The animals can get the Manor Farm and renamed Animal Farm
• The animals build the Windmill together
• The animal farm proclaimed a Republic

4. Surprised : Clover sees that Squealer and the other animals walk on their hind legs.
3. Character
1. Mayor character
a. Old Mayor: the old pig who is respected in Animal Farm
b. Mr. Jones: the owner of Manor Farm, a drunken
c. Napoleon : a smart pig who becomes a president of Animal Farm, good planner
d. Snowball: a smart pig, quick in speech, clever
e. Mr. Pilkington : the owner of Foxwood, hard worker
f. Mr. Frederick : the owner ofPinchfield, hard worker, a tricker
g. Squealer : an intelligent pig, the follower of Napoleon, clever talker
2. Minor character
a. Boxer : a strong horse, hard worker : a stout motherly mare
b. Clover : a stout motherly mare
c. Minimus : a Napoleon's pig poet
d. Mr. Whyrnper : a solicitor living in Willingdon, sly-looking little man with side whiskers
e. Benjamin: the oldest donkey, the worst tempered : the white mare
f. Moses: the tame raven who was Mr. Jones' esp. pet, a shy and a tale bearer, a lazy raven
g. Mrs. Jones : Jones’ wife
All the animals in Animal Farm : they so respect Napoleon

3. Protagonist
a. Old Major
b. Boxer
c. Clover
4. Antagonist
a. Mr. Jones and a man
b. Napoleon
c. Squealer
d. Snowball
4. Plot
a. Exposition: Old major announces his dream to make a free living for the animals. The animals will rebel against a man
b. Rising action: The manor Farm, Mr. Jones' farm, can be owned by the animals. Animal Farm is their farm. They have seven commandments that must be obeyed by all animals
c. Climax : Year pass, the animals change their attitude and break the seven commandments. They walk on their hind legs and wear Mr. Jones; clothes
d. Catasthrope : The animals are unable to discriminate between the humans and the pigs.
5. Moral Messages
a. Dictatorship will make suffer
b. Help each other and never give up
c. The old people must be respected
d. Don't use your smart brain to do bad thing

ROBINSON CRUSOE

Robinson Crusoe
By Daniel Dafoe
Submitted by Group 2
Class B

SUMARRY
He was born in the year 1632 in the city of York. His mother's family name was Kreutzneur, but they always called themselves Crusoe. So, his name was Robinson. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but Robinson was set going to the sea. His father ever said to him, "If he stayed at home, he would have all that he could one". His father wanted Robinson not to think of living home.
One year later, he was in the seaport of Hull. He sailed to London with his friend on first September 1651. He had been at sea for six day when they came to Yarmouth. On their eight day at Yarmouth the sea was so high that several waves come over the side of the ship. The weather become danger, so captain sent out signal for helping. Then, there was a lightship help them.
In London he made some very good friends. One of them was the captain wanted to go to there again and the captain invited him to join. Robinson accepted the captain offering and on the voyage with him. Robinson carried forty pounds of toys and other articles. This voyage made him both a sailor and merchant. After this voyage, the captain died. Robinson gave two hundred of his three hundred pounds profit to captain's widow. In the voyage to the canary island, a Turkish pirate ship chased them. They killed three of Robinson's men and wounded another eight. They were all taken as prisoners. The captain of Turkish pirate ship made Robinson as his slave. The captain of Turkish pirate took him to his home. Then, the captain went to sea again, Robinson kept the captain's garden and
do the work in the house. The captain of Turkish pirate came again, Robinson was sent to live on board of the ship to guard it. One day, Robinson and servant "Xury" run away with boat. Then, they met Portuguese ship and got in to the ship. The ship went to Brazil. He lived four years at Brazil. After that, Robinson and three companions sailed again. When he and ten companions were on a small boat, there was huge waves behind them. It broke the boat and they were struggling in the sea.
Robinson was wrecked in an island. All of his companions died. He made a raft to take foods and tools on his break ship. He founds two pistols and two guns, some powder of horns, two rusty old swords, European and Brazilian money worth about thirty six pounds in all. He made a tent that was on the side of the hill, which was sheltered from the sun until the evening. He didn't want to lose all of time. Unless, had some sort of calendar. He landed on the island September 3 th 1659. In his lonely life, he had two cats and a dog from the ship.
On the 15th of June, He• began to explore his island. He found melons and grapes were growing in the valley when spring.
His clothes began to drop to pieces. Then, he made clothes from the goats skin and made a canoe from a big tree. When he was walking at the beach, he found skulls, hand, feet, and bones. It was now December in his twenty year later. He saw the light of fIre on the share. They was the ftrst time that the savage had come to the island. He saw nine savages sitting round the fIre, they killed prisoner for eating. Robinson was so angry and he will killed them if they were to came again. Many months later, he hear the
sound of a gun and he could see a ship. He made a good fIre on the top of the hill to give a signal to the ship in the morning that the ship had been wrecked upon the rocks. How he was disappointed he was and how sad for those who had lost their life. Ifthere were one or two men sti11live from that ship. He thought and he would have a companion to talk to. He had been here alone for a long times.
One morning, he saw that there were fIve canoes on his side of the island. He knew that fIve or six man at ashore. He took his gun and telescope. He climbed the hill to see what could discover about the party. They ate the prisoners in one of the canoes. Mean while the other prisoner was left by himself were ready to kill him too. He help the poor prisoner and he fIght with two savages and they died. Poor prisoner was very frightened. He become prisoner Robinson's servant in the morning. Robinson wanted to take him and called him Friday. He told his story about his tribe to be killed and eaten.
One morning, he asked Friday to go to the seashore to see ifhe could fme a turtle. When he was doing that, he saw three ships and he said "master ! bad things". He saw nineteen savages and three prisoners were sitting around a fIre. Then, they shoot the savages and fought with them when save the prisoner. He was a Spanish. But, there was savages escaped by canoe. He cut the rope from the prisoner. Friday dose the prisoner, hugh, and kiss him. In fact, the prisoner was his father. One month latter, when Robinson was sleeping, Friday woke up him and said they were come. He jump and got his clothes on. Than, he saw an English ship with his telescope. There were eleven men and broke three prisoners. At two o'clock in the afternoon, he had finished preparing for the night. When the savages were sleeping, he came closing the prisoners. In fact, the prisoner was the captain of the ship. His men have mutinied against him. Robinson gave appointment with the captain of English ship. Robinson said two things to the captain:
• If I gave you a gun you will return it to me and do not harm either to me or to my passion.
• Condition is that if you get your ship you will take me and my servant, Friday to England.
The captain accepted it. Robinson gave three muskets ready to fire. The captain and the companion shoot them. After that, the captain shot the boatswain until died and two boatswain's friends ran away. Robinson Crusoe made the men who mutinied the captain surrender with his tactics. Then, they join with Robinson. The captain now had twelve men in this party. He and Friday were to stay on the island until the ship had been captured. Then, the captain and his mate sprang quickly on boat and knocked down the men and shot the leader through the head. After that, all of the crew surrender. This was the signal that they were succsesfull. In the morning, the captain called governor (Robinson Crusoe as the governor), he said "come and look your ship". Robinson called all the prisoner, explained that he was the governor and he had the power to hung them. The captain sent a boat for Robinson and also asked him to hang. The following morning, the small boat took him and he said to himself that "I had been here for twenty eight years. Than, Robinson gave his sword and his gun to
CHARACTER
A. Main Character is Robinson Crusoe
He has round character, he is brave, skillfull, and also spite. Why he is spite? becase of he didn't allow his father's advice about leaving home anymore, but after a few weeks the desire for adventure returned.
B. Minor Characters
1. Friday: He has round character. Friday is innocent, able, have a big responsibility. He has black and long hair, his nose is small but not fat, and he had a very good mouth with thin lips.
2. Kreutznauer (Robinson's Father): He has flat character. He is a discipline man. He gave Robinson a good education and wanted him to be a good lawyer.
3. Robinson's Friend: He has flat character. He is a kind man, good tempered, brave.
4. The Captain: He has flat character. An able man, discipline, hard think. Because when the wind again become stronger, saw no danger.
5. The Captain's Widow: She has flat character. She is wise, kind women.
6. The Pirate of Turkish Ship: Flat Character. Cruel, stem, unfair. The pirates killed three of Robinson's men and wounded another eight.
7. The Captain of Turkish Pirate: He has flat character. He is stem and rude. He made Robinson as his slave.
8. Moor: He has round Character. He is faithful, objective, able. He is also a man with full of trick.
9. Xury: He has flat character. He is innocent, tender, able, faithfully, honest.
10. The Captain of Portuguese Ship : He has flat character. He has a good intelligent, kind, and honest. He gave Robinson all that he had promised.
11. The Captain of English Ship : He has flat character. He is brave and honest. He helped Robinson to leave the island.
12. The Savages: They were bad persons. They were cannibals because they eat human.
13. Friday's Father : He was an old man that will be eaten by the savages.
14. Tom Smith: He has round character. He mutinied his captain. However, he was surrender and helped Robinson.
15. WiIlFrye: He was a bad person, because he mutinied his captain.
16. Will Atkins : He was a bad person, because he mutinied his captain.
POINT OF VIEW
The point of view from this novel : Perceptual Point of View
SETTING
A. TIME
1. On the 1st September 1651
1. Robinson went on board of the ship, which was going to London.
2. On the 30th September 1659
3. Robinson came on shore.
4. 3.On the 15th of June
5. Robinson Crusoe began to explore his island.
6. 4. In the middle of October
7. It began to rain heavily and the weather became settled.
8. 5. Atthe end of December
9. Robinson was able to harvest his crop and gathered in two sacks of rice and two and a half.
10. 6 On the 6th of November
11. Robinson filled the lockers with food and set out his trip.
12. 7. In the middle of May
13. An accident happened which put the savages out his mind for the time being.
14. 8. On the 19th of December 1686 Robinson Crusoe left the island.
15. 9. On the 11th of June 1687
16. The ship reached England after a long voyage.

B. PLACES
1. York : Important city in England. It's a place where Robinson's family lived.
2. The Seaport of Hull : It's a place where Robinson started his voyage.
3. Cramer : It's a place when Robinson landed after a ship help his ship.
4. London : It's a place where Robinson made some good friends.
5. The Canary Island : It's a place when a Turkish pirate ship chased Robinson and his friend.
6. Brazil : It's a place where Robinson became a sugar planter.
7. The Island : It's a place where Robinson was wrecked.
8. Cave : It's a place that kept the dangerous prisoners
9. Round House : It's a place where the captain killed the leader that mutinied him.
10. Captain's Cabin : It's a place where Robinson found gun and some ammunition. There were two guns and two pistols, and Robinson took some powder of horns.
11. In The Break Ship : It's a place where Robinson found pistols, guns, some clothes, foods, and some useful tools.
12. In Ashore Island : It's a place where the Spanish will be shoot when they take a rest.
13. Valley : It's a place where Robinson found grapes which he had gathered and to be dry.
THEME
The theme of this novel : Adventure
MORAL MESSAGES
1. Patient is the good way to solve problem.
2. Don't ever think to surrender.
3. One good turn reserves another.
PLOT
1. Exposition: Robinson Crusoe was born in the year 1632 in the city of York. His father anted him to became a lawyer.
2. Rissing Action : One year later, Robinson Crusoe was in the seaport of hull. He sailed to London with his friend of first September 1651. After eight day their voyage, the sea was so high that several waves come over side of the ship.
3. Climaks: When Robinson and ten companions were sailing in the Guinea coast their ship met two storm and made their ship was broken. Unfortunately, the wind dropped mast. They tried to go to the land by a boat but there was a huge wave come, it lifted the boat and tossed it forward. They were all struggling in the sea.
4. Falling Action: Robison and the companion captured the English ship from the mutiny men.
5. Catastrope: Robinson Crusoe, the captain, Friday, and their companion left island and they went home to England.

SCARLET LETTER

SCARLET LETTER

By Group 5

Class A

PREFACE

To begin with, we would like to express our gratitude to God The Almighty, The Most Merciful, The Most Graceful, for all the gift and blessing given for us so that we can finish this with no obstacles.

Actually, The Scarlet Letter is so interesting novel to read. We are really enjoy it, more than any other aspects from this novel is about Nathaniel Hawthorne's way to picture the 17^th century of Puritan's life in Boston. But then, we don't neglect that this novel is difficult enough to be understood since the language (the diction in this case) is so hard. Almost all the diction aren't in common English which we usually use but in old English one, for example: the using of thou for you, thy for yours etc.

Anyway, reading and analyzing this novel is quite fun and it is impossible for us to finish this paper without any other's help. So, in this chance, we would like to thanks to you all, who have helped us in composing this, for all the suggestion and for everything, thanks guys for being the helping hands, you all are such an angel. Our biggest thanks is dedicated especially for our honorable and beloved Lecturer, Mr. Rosyid Dodiyanto, for all the guidance and so many kinds of innumerable help given for, us.

Finally, we do hope that you'll give us advices, suggestions or criticism for the better result since we do realize that we might have so many mistakes in this imperfect paper.

A. Summary

In the beginning of the story, Hester Prynne, a young women, with her three months old baby in her arms, were led from the town prison through market place to the scaffold where she was publicly shamed. She wore scarlet letter A on the breast of her gown, in fine red cloth, surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourished of gold thread. The scarlet letter A represented the act of adultery that she committed which led to the birth of her baby, Pearl. The scarlet letter was a badge of shame, a symbol of sin that had to be worn all the times as a punishment for her adultery. At the scaffold, she was forced by the magistrates ­Governor Bellingham, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale and Reverend John Wilson - to reveal the father of Pearl. But, Hester insisted not to reveal the name of her lover.

At that time, she met her husband, Roger Prynne who just arrived in Boston after his long dwelt in Amsterdam. Roger swore that he would find the person who committed adultery with her and took revenge with him. But, there were no one in Boston who knew that Roger was Hester's husband since Roger Prynne changed his name into Roger Chillingworth. He also forced Hester to keep his identity as a secret to make his revenge easier. Then, Roger earned a reputation as a Physician or Doctor and stayed in the same house with Arthur Dimmesdale.

Seven years passed, Roger became Arthur's doctor since Arthur's health was getting worse. Arthur suffered from mysterious heart trouble that seemingly caused by psychological distress and someday, Roger accidentally found that the person whom he looked for was Arthur Dimmesdale when he discovered an A imprinted in Arthur's chest! A very pious clergymen that seemed impossible to do a such kind of adultery with Roger's wife. But then, ya ... Arthur was the person!

To protect her lover from any kinds of Roger's bad treatment, Hester arranged an encounter with Arthur in the forest. Then, she revealed that Roger was her husband to Arthur.

Surprisingly knew that Roger was Hester's husband, Arthur then agreed to go away from Boston to Europe by ship 4 days later with Hester and Pearl, their daughter, and started a new life as a family.

But, the day before the ship sailed was a public holiday, when Arthur delivered his sermon in front of the townspeople. After finishing his sermon, Arthur walked to the scaffold and stood there beside Hester and Pearl. At that time, he revealed who he was and showed the letter A that burned in his chest. He told that he was a sinner, like Hester, and he was the real father of Pearl. He also confessed that he should stand there seven years earlier with Hester, when she was firstly publicly shamed. He fell dead just after Pearl kissed him.

Frustrated in his revenge, Roger died a year later. Pearl inherited all Roger's wealth since Roger wanted so even though she wasn't his daughter. After it, Hester and Pearl left Boston. Hester came back several years later, still wearing the scarlet letter in her bosom until she dead and buried in the site of King's Chapel. But, Pearl never returned to Boston, she stayed in Europe, got married and lived happily with her family.

B. Analysis

1. Theme : The theme of this novel is about Sin, Guilt (whether it is public guilt or private guilt) and punishment.

Committing adultery in Puritans was called as sin that could make the execution of both the sinners happened. But then, the parameter of the sin itself is difficult enough to explain. Was it a sin -that had to lead the sinners to be executed - if the adultery really had no impact upon the lives of society? And which was exactly a sin, marrying a person with no love or loving someone and committing adultery when her husband was out nowhere? Well, it is difficult we thought to make a justification about sin.

In this novel, Hawthorne illustrated the differences between shaming the sinner in public and allowing the sinner to suffer the consequences of the adultery privately. We thought that private guilt which led to emotional destruction and psychological distress were more than enough punishment for the adultery, just like what Arthur's got.

For Hester Prynne, the scarlet letter and Pearl -the product of adultery ­were a symbol and reminder for her that daily taught her to make her Pearl to be the wiser and better than her.

For Arthur Dimmesdale, his private guilt made him more sympathy and understood another sinners. It also made him more powerful to deliver his sermon since it came from the deepest sinful and regretful heart.

2. Character

a. Major character

1. Hester Prynne

She is the protagonist of the novel with a round character. She was young, tall, with a figure of perfect elegance. She had dark hair and deep black eyes. She committed adultery with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale that finally led to Pearl's birth. But, she never revealed the name of Pearl's father to the society. That's why she was publicly shamed by wearing scarlet letter on her bosom all the times. She was firm actually since she insisted to identify the name of her lover.

2. Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale

He was a young clergyman who had come from one of the great English Universities. He had white and impending brow, large brown and melancholy eyes. He was the real father of Pearl. When Hester was publicly shamed, he suffered with his private guilt since none knew that he was also a sinner. He was his own deceiver till he finally revealed the truth after seven years passed, before he died.

3. Roger Chillingworth

He is the antagonist in this novel. A white man, small but tall, with his shoulder rose higher than the other. He was learned English man who long dwelt in Amsterdam. He arrived in Boston at the day when Hester, his wife, was publicly shamed by committing adultery. He then became a physician and stayed in the same house with Arthur. He swore to take revenge to the person who committed adultery with his wife. Knowing that the person he looked for was Arthur, he tortured him by let Arthur suffered with his private guilt.

4. Pearl

She is Hester's daughter. She was beautiful, naughty and wild.

Hester named her Pearl as being of great price that purchased with all she had and as Hester's only treasure. As a product of sin, Pearl was to remind her mother at every moment of Hester's fall. When Arthur revealed his identity as Pearl's father, she kissed him before her father died. She then left Boston with her mother and she never returned to Boston anymore, although her mother came back and spent the rest of her life in Boston, Pearl stayed in Europe, got married and lived happily ever after.

b. Minor character

1. Townspeople: they always mocked Hester since Hester was publicly shamed by wearing scarlet letter as a symbol of adultery.

2. Governor Bellingham: he was Governor of Massachusetts in 1641, 1654 and from 1665 to 1672. he was one of the magistrates that believed whether Hester should not be allowed to stay with her daughter since he was afraid that Hester who was a sinner would bring bad influence to her baby, so he wanted to take Pearl and gave her a good religious education but Hester refused it.

3. John Wilson: he was Puritan clergyman who emigrated to Massachusetts in 1630. he was the eldest clergyman of Boston and a great scholar. He was a friend of Arthur Dimmesdale and one of the magistrates who forced Hester to identify the name of her lover.

4. Master Bracket : he was a good man, the jailer who always interacted with Hester and her baby when they stayed in the town prison.

5. Mistress Hibbins : she was the sister of Governor Bellingham. She usually and routinely sneaked into the forest during the night to conduct business in the service of 'The Black Man'. She almost wore a gown of rich velvet all the times. But finally, she was hanged because she was accused as a witch.

6. BlackMan :black Man is a nick name for an evil who lived in the forest. The common superstition of that period said that Black Man haunted the forest, carried a book with him -a big heavy book with iron claps - . Black Man offered his book and an iron pen to everyone who met him in the forest and they were to write their names with their own blood.

3. Setting

a. Time

This novel set in 17^th century in Boston, Massachusetts, in a Puritan settlement.

1. In the summer morning: when Hester was publicly shamed in the scaffold, wearing the scarlet letter A in her bosom as a symbol of adultery.

2. Obscure night of early May: when Arthur Dimmesdale desperately stood in the scaffold and suffered with his private guilt.

3. One day in April: when Hester met Arthur in the forest to reveal that Roger was her husband and to arrange a plan to go away from Boston to Europe.

4. The New England Holiday: when Arthur delivered an Election Sermon and finally told the truth to the society before he fell died.

b. Place

1. Town Prison house, in the vicinity of cornhill : where Hester and her three months old baby were imprisoned.

2. The scaffold, at the western of the market place, near Boston's earliest church: where Hester was publicly shamed as a punishment of her adultery and where Arthur revealed the truth that he was a sinner and fell died seven years after Hester firstly publicly shamed.

3. Market place at the Puritan settlement: where the townspeople mocked Hester as a punishment of her adultery.

4. The mansion of Governor Bellingham: where the magistrates wanted to take Pearl away from her mother and forced Hester to identify the name of her lover.

5. Forest: where Hester met Arthur secretly to reveal that Roger was her husband. In this place, Mistress Hibbins also usually did some business toward Black Man.

6. The meeting house: when Arthur delivered his election sermon in the public holiday.

7. Graveyard in King's Chapel site: where Hester was buried when she died some years later.

8. Europe: where Pearl got married and lived with her family.

c. Condition

1. Shameful: when Hester was publicly shamed and forced to wear scarlet letter all the times.

2. Suffered: when Arthur felt guilty since society claimed him as a pious man but, he was actually not as pious as they thought.

3. Revengeful: when Roger swore that he would find the person who committed adultery with his Vtrife and take revenge with him.

4. Relieved: when Arthur finally told the truth, he then felt so free because he no longer kept his secret and his sin.

5. Sad: when Hester was left by Arthur since he fell died after he revealed the truth.

4. Point of View

Use omniscient point of view that is 3^rd person point of view since narrator knew all and the story is based on her thought.

5. Plot

1. Exposition : Hester was led to be publicly shamed with her baby in her arms and a scarlet letter in her bosom.

2. Raising action: knowing that his wife committed adultery and had a baby as a result of her adultery made Roger Chillingworth swore to find that man and take revenge toward him. He then became a physician and stayed in the same house with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale.

3. Climax : seven years passed, Roger finally found that Arthur was the person whom he looked for since he accidentally saw a letter A imprinted in Arthur's chest. Arthur's health was getting worse because of his private guilt and his suffering since he kept his sins as secret. To protect Arthur from Roger's bad treatment, Hester arranged an encounter with Arthur in the forest and told him that Roger was her husband. They then arranged to leave Boston to Europe four days later to start a new life as a family.

4. Falling action : on the public holiday, when Arthur should have sailed with Hester and Pearl, he delivered an election sermon. After that, he revealed the truth whether he was a sinner, just like Hester. And he told that his confession should be revealed since seven years earlier. He also showed an A that imprinted in his chest to the society before he fell died.

5. Catastrophe : Roger frustrated with his revenge and he died a year later and gave his inheritance to Pearl, even though she wasn't his daughter. Hester and Pearl left Boston and some years later, Hester returned to Boston, still wearing scarlet letter, lived there until she died and was buried in the site of King's Chapel. Pearl her self, stayed in Europe, got married and never returned to Boston anymore.

6. Moral message

1. A lie is never good, even though death threaten on the other side.

2. Be true! Show freely to the world, if not your worst, yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred.

3. Don't ever do any evil's act because whoever does it should look well to him self or he may find the bargain to go hard against him, involving, if not his soul, yet many of its better attributes: its study force, its courage and constancy, its truth, its self reliance and all that gives the emphasis to mainly character.

BOOK REPORT 3 MATERIALS

THE MATERIALS OF BOOK REPORT 3 ARE:
1. SCARLET LETTER
2. ROBINSON CRUSOE
3. ANIMAL FARM

Arti Idul Fitri

Hari Idul Fitri tlah tiba.... sebuah hari kemenangan bagi umat Islam yang telah menjalankan kewajiban puasa selama kurang lebih 30 hari. Bagiku...(sekali lagi bagi aku) hari kemenangan ini mempunyai berbagai macam arti, diantaranya
A. Banyak orang yang tiba-tiba sense of art-nya muncul, seperti yang dituangkan dalam beberapa sms ucapan lebaran berikut ini:

1)Kabut pagi tenggelamkan dunia dalam remang;Sayup takbir di kejauhan sadarkan jiwa;ingatkan peluh-peluh dosa; Tertatih oleh beban hidup yg tak kunjung berujung; tunduk diri pinta sabar dan ampunan; atas kata yang kadang tajam meluka; laku yang mungkin mengonak cidera;ketuk hati yang mendengki rasa; Minal aidin wal Faizin; mohon maaf lahir batin.

2).Jika ramadhan menawarkan kefitrahan, mengejakan pencerahan, dan kearifan, ....maka akankah hamba ini mendapatkannya jika tidak diberi ampunan dari sesama?

3). Let's write all the mistakes down in the sand;And let the wind of forgiveness erase it away;Happy Idhul Fitri, minal aidin wal Faizin....

3). Naturaken wilujeng Idul Fitri,nyuwun ngapunten lahir lan batin; Mugi kita kanugrahan jatining fitrah saking Gusti ingkang maha Pemurah.

4). Tiada pemberian terindah selain DIMAAFKAN dan tiada perbuatan termuliakan selain MEMAAFKAN....

5). Mobil balap pake payung, SMS di dunia maya. Maaf kalo nggak nyambung...mumpung lagi hari raya, mohon maaf lahir dan batin...

6). Terselip kilaf dalam canda; tergores luka dalam tawa; terbersit pilu dalam tingkah laku; tersinggung rasa dalam bicara...tulus terucap mohon maaf lahir dan batin.

7). Saking telenging manah, kanthi tulusing jiwa, kula sak gotrah nyuwun lubering pangaputen lahir batos ugi ngaturaken sugeng Riyadi....

8). Dhahar kupat mawi santen, sedoya lepat nyuwun pangapunten, Inggih mboten? Panci ngaten! Semanten...Punten..

FICTION

Fiction

LITERATURE:
1. NON FICTION: BIOGRAPHY, AUTOBIOGRAPHY, DIARY, HISTORY, ESSAY.
2. FICTION: NOVEL, SHORT STORY, DRAMA, POETRY

FICTION
1. WHAT IS FICTION?
· ANY NARRATIVE, IN PROSE OR VERSE, THAT IS WHOLLY OR IN PART THE PRODUCT OF IMAGINATION
· A STRUCTURE OF IMMITATION OF LIFE

2. ELEMENTS OF FICTION
A. PLOT
· DELIBERATELY ARRANGED SEQUENCE OF INTERELATED EVENTS THAT MAKES UP ITS BASIC NARRATIVE STRUCTURE. MOST PLOTS HAVE IDENTIFIABLE BEGINNING, MIDDLE, AND END.
· THE PATTERNED ARRANGEMENT OF THE EVENTS IN A NARRATIVE OR PLAY
· THE STRUCTURE OF TRADITIONAL PLOT:
1. EXPOSITION
THE BEGINNING SECTION IN WHICH THE AUTHOR PROVIDES THE NECESARRY BACKGROUND INFORMATION, SETS THE SCENE, ESTABLISHES THE SITUATION, AND DATES THE ACTION. IT USUALLY INTRODUCES THE CHARACTERS AND THE CONFLICT, OR AT LEAST THE POTENTIAL FOR CONFLICT.
2. COMPLICATION (RISING ACTION)
DEVELOPS AND INTENSIFIES THE CONFLICT
3. CRISIS (CLIMAX)
THE MOMENT AT WHICH THE PLOT REACHES ITS POINT OF GREATEST EMOTIONAL INTENSITY, IT’S THE TURNING POINT OF THE PLOT, DIRECTLY PRECIPITATING ITS RESOLUTION.
4. FALLING ACTION
ONCE THE CRISIS, OR TURNING POINT, HAS BEEN REACHED, THE TENSION SUBSIDES AND THE PLOT MOVES TOWARD ITS CONCLUSION
5. RESOLUTION (CONCLUSION/DENOUMENT)
IT RECORDS THE OUTCOME OF THE CONFLICT AND ESTABLISHES SOME NEW EQUILIBRUM
· THE ORDERING OF PLOT:
1. CHRONOLOGICALLY PLOT
THE CUSTOMARY WAY OF ORDERING EPISODES OR EVENTS IN A PLOT IS TO PRESENT THEM CHRONOLOGICALLY, THAT IS, IN THE ORDER OF THEIR OCCURRENCE IN TIME.
2. FLASHBACK
A METHODE OF EXPOSITION THAT DRAMATICALLY PRESENTS SCENES OR INCIDENTS THAT TOOK PLACE PRIOR TO THE BEGINNING OF THE PLOT

B. CHARACTERS
THE TERM CHARACTERS APPLIES TO ANY INDIVIDUAL IN A LITERARY WORK
· TYPES OF CHARACTER:
1. BASED ON THE RELATIONSHIP TO PLOT
a) PROTAGONIST
THE MAJOR OR CENTRAL CHARACTER, WHO IS USUALLY EASY ENOUGH TO IDENTIFY; HE OR SHE IS ESSENTIAL CHARACTER WITHOUT WHOM THERE WOULD BE NO PLOT IN THE FIRST PLACE. IT IS THE PROTAGONIST’S FATE ON WHICH THE ATTENTION OF THE READER IS FOCUSED
b) ANTAGONIST
THE OPPONENT OF THE PROTAGONIST, THE CHARACTER AGAINST WHOM THE PROTAGONIST STRUGGLES OR CONTENDS
2. BASED ON CREATORS DEVELOPMENT
a) FLAT CHARACTER (ONE DIMENSIONAL CHARACTER)
CHARACTER WHO EMBODY OR REPRESENT A SINGLE CHARACTERISTIC, TRAIT, OR IDEA, OR AT MOST A VERY LIMITED NUMBER OF SUCH QUALITIES. USUALLY IT PLAYS A MINOR ROLE.
b) ROUND CHARACTER
IT EMBODY A NUMBER OF QUALITIES AND TRAITS AND ARE COMPLEX MULTIDIMENSIONAL CHARACTER OF CONSIDERABLE INTELLECTUAL AND EMOTIONAL DEPTH. THEY HAVE CAPACITY TO GROW AND CHANGE.
3. BASED ON THE CHARACTER’S CAPACITY TO DEVELOP OR CHANGE (AS THE RESULT OF THEIR EXPERIENCES)
a) DYNAMIC CHARACTER
THIS CHARACTER EXHIBIT A CAPACITY TO DEVELOP OR CHANGE. (FROM YOUNG TO ADULT EXPERIENCES FOR EXAMPLE)
b) STATIC CHARACTER
THIS CHARACTER DOESN’T EXHIBIT A CAPACITY TO CHANGE. AND ALSO LEAVE THE PLOT AS THEY ENTERED IT, LARGELY UNTOUCHED BY THE EVENTS THAT HAVE TAKEN PLACE.

· METHODS OF CHARACTERIZATION
1. DIRECT METHOD (TELLING)
a) THE USE OF NAMES
NAMES ARE OFTEN PROVIDE ESSENTIAL CLUES THAT AID THE CHARACTERIZATION. SOME CHARACTERS ARE GIVEN NAMES THAT SUGGEST THEIR DOMINAT OR CONTROLLING TRAITS
b) APPEARANCE
IN A REAL LIFE APPEARANCE ARE OFTEN DECIEVING. IN FICTION, DETAILS OF APPEARANCE (WHAT SHE OR HE WEARS AND HOW HE OR SHE LOOKS) OFTEN PROVIDE ESSENTIAL CLUES TO CHARACTER.
c) BY THE AUTHOR
THE AUTHOR INTERUPTS THE NARRATIVE AND REVEALS DIRECTLY, THROUGH A SERIES OF EDITORIAL COMMENTS, THE PERSONALITY OF THE CHARRACTERS, INCLUDING THE THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS THAT PASS THROUGH THE CHARACTERS’ MINDS.

2. INDIRECT METHOD (SHOWING)
a) THROUGH DIALOGUE
b) THROUGH ACTION

C. SETTING
SETTING IS THE TERM THAT, IN ITS BROADEST SENSE, ENCOMPASSES BOTH THE PHYSICAL LOCALE THAT FRAMES THE ACTION AND THE TIME OF DAY OR YEAR, THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, AND THE HISTORICAL PERIOD DURING WHICH THE ACTION TAKES PLACE.

D. POINT OF VIEW
THE METHOD OF NARRATION THAT DETERMINES THE POSITION, OR ANGLE OF VISION, FROM WHICH THE STORY IS TOLD.
· TYPE OF POINT OF VIEW:
1. OMNISCIENCE POINT OF VIEW
WITH THIS POINT OF VIEW AN “ALL-KNOWING” NARRATOR FIRMLY IMPOSES HIS OR HER PRESENCE BETWEEN THE READER AND THE STORY AND RETAINS COMPLETE CONTROL OVER NARRATIVE.

2. LIMITED OMNISCIENCE
WITH THIS TYPE OF POINT OF VIEW(THIRD PERSON) , THE NARRATOR LIMITS HIS OR HER ABILITY TO PENETRATE THE MINDS OF CHARACTERS BY SLECTING A SINGLE CHARACTER TO ACT AS THE CENTER REVELATION.

3. FIRST-PERSON POINT OF VIEW
THIS POINT OF VIEW GOES ONE STEP FURTHER BY HAVING THAT FOCAL CHARACTER ADDRESS THE READER DIRECTLY, WITHOUT AN INTERMEDIARY. THIS CHARACTER REFFERS TO HIMSELF OR HERSELF AS “I” IN THE STORY AND ADDRESSES THE READER AS “YOU”.

4. DRAMATIC POINT OF VIEW
IN THE DRAMATIC, OR OBJECTIVE, POINT OF VIEW THE STORY IS TOLD OSTENSIBLY BY NO ONE. THE NARRATOR, WHO TO THIS POINT IN THE DISCUSSION HAS BEEN A VISIBLE, MEDIATING AUTHORITY STANDING BETWEEN THE READER AND THE WORK, NOW DISAPPEARS COMPLETELY AND THE STORY IS ALLOWED TO PRESENT ITSELF DRAMATICALLY THROUGH ACTION AND DIALOGUE.

E. THEME
THEME IS THE CENTRAL IDEA OR STATEMENT ABOUT LIFE THAT UNIFIES AND CONTROLS THE TOTAL WORK.

ELEMENT OF PLOT

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF STORY/PLOT:


1. EXPOSITION
· PROVIDES ESSENSIAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION, INTRODUCES THE CAST, BEGINS THE CHARACTERIZATION, AND INITIATES THE ACTION.
· SOME EXPOSITION IS ALWAYS PROVIDED IN THE FIRST SCENE.
· FORMAL PROLOGUE OR INTRODUCTION BY A NARATOR HELPS TO SET THE SCENE.
2. COMPLICATION/RISING ACTION
· THE COMPLICATION INTRODUCES AND DEVELOPS THE CONFLICT.
· IT COMMENCES WHEN ONE OR MORE OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS FIRST BECOME AWARE OF AN IMPENDING DIFFICULTY OR WHEN THEIR RELATIONSHIPS FIRST BEGIN TO CHANGE.
3. CRISIS/CLIMAX
· THE CRISIS OR TURNING POINT OF THE PLAY OCCURS AT THE MOMENT OF PEAK EMOTIONAL INTENSITY AND USUALLY INVOLVES A DECISION, A DECISION ACTION, OR AN OPEN CONFLICT BETWEEN PROTAGONIST AND ANTAGONIST.
· IT IS OFTEN CALLED THE OBLIGATORY SCENE BECAUSE THE AUDIENCE DEMANDS TO SEE SUCH MOMENTS ACTED OUT ON STAGE.
4. FALLING ACTION
AS THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE CRISIS ACCUMULATE, EVENTS DEVELOP A MOMENTUM OF THEIR OWN. ESPECIALLY IN TRAGEDY, THE FALLING ACTION OF THE PLAY RESULTS FROM THE PROTAGONIST’S LOSS OF CONTROL AND A FINAL CATASTROPHE OFTEN APPEARS INEVITABLE.
5. RESOLUTION
THE RESOLUTION BRINGS TO AN END THE CONFLICT THAT HAS BEEN IMPLICIT (OR EXPLICIT) SINCE THE PLAY’S OPENING SCENES. WHEN THE CURTAIN FALLS, THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE CHARACTERS HAVE ONCE MORE STABILIZED.

“MULTIMEDIA VS ART”
dalam
PRESENTASI BOOK REPORT 3


1. MAKALAH
Setiap kelompok hanya membuat 1 makalah yang berisi:
Summary
Unsur-unsur intrinsik, minimal terdiri atas:
· Tema
· Setting
· Tokoh (mayor, minor, protagonist, antagonist)
· Pesan moral
· Plot (exposition, raising action, climax, falling action, dan resolusi)
c. Lima pertanyaan yang berhubungan dengan makalah disertai jawaban.
Makalah dibuat hanya untuk dosen dan tidak dibagikan kepada kelompok lain.
Makalah dikumpulkan paling lambat seminggu sebelum presentasi (kecuali kelompok 1 boleh dikumpulkan pada saat presentasi)

PRESENTASI
Tiap kelompok bebas menentukan bentuk presentasi dengan multimedia atau art performing menggunakan:
Video klip
Wayang
Digital Cartoon
Puppet show
Musikalisasi drama
Play
Dll

PENILAIAN
Komponen Makalah : 30%
Komponen Presentasi
a. Individu : 20%
b. Kelompok : 50%
TOTAL : 100%

CATATAN
Keaslian makalah menjadi penilaian utama dalam pembuatan makalah.
Tidak ada toleransi bagi plagiarism
Presentasi konvensional (tanpa multimedia atau art performing) hanya akan mendapat nilai 60%
Nilai tambahan akan diberikan kepada mahasiswa yang bias menjawab pertanyaan dalam sesi diskusi
Makalah yang dipresentasikan akan menjadi bahan ujian tengah semester dan utama
Dosen siap membantu dan menjawab pertanyaan dari mahasiswa.